Magnetic circuitry mutual coupling probe

Development of magnetic probe for nondestructive testing of multilayer printed circuit boards to determine existence of opens or shorts is reported. Components of probe are described and procedures for operation are discussed. Two illustrations are provided to show magnetic circuits and principles of operation

Species variations in drug metabolism : investigations on the liver microsomal hydroxylation of tryptamine and related compounds

Various tryptamines and indoles were incubated with microsomal preparations obtained from different animal species. The variation of liver microsomal indole 6-hydroxylase activity in different animals exemplifies the species dependence of the drug metabolising enzymes. Age and sex are also factors which have to be considered in studies on drug hydroxylations. Since these species variations render the extrapolation of data from animal to man difficult, a partial but direct approach would involve the use of human liver tissue for the investigations ‘in vitro’ which are necessary in the preliminary stages of the development of new drugs.peer-reviewe

Globalization, Development, and Mobility of Technical Talent: India and Japan in Comparative Perspectives

international migration, technical talent, IT industry, innovation and development, 'brain bank', India, Japan

Can giant planets form by gravitational fragmentation of discs?

Gravitational fragmentation has been proposed as a mechanism for the formation of giant planets in close orbits around solar-type stars. However, it is debatable whether this mechanism can function in the inner regions (R<40 AU) of real discs. We use a newly developed method for treating the energy equation and the equation of state, which accounts for radiative transfer effects in SPH simulations of circumstellar discs. The different chemical and internal states of hydrogen and the properties of dust at different densities and temperatures (ice coated dust grains at low temperatures, ice melting, dust sublimation) are all taken into account by the new method.We present radiative hydrodynamic simulations of the inner regions of massive circumstellar discs and examine two cases: (i) a disc irradiated by a cool background radiation field (T_bgr=10K)and (ii) a disc heated by radiation from its central star (T_bgr~1/R). In neither case does the disc fragment: in the former because it cannot cool fast enough and in the latter because it is not gravitationally unstable. Our results (a) corroborate previous numerical results using different treatments for the hydrodynamics and the radiative transfer, and (b) confirm our own earlier analytic predictions. We conclude that disc fragmentation is unlikely to be able to produce giant planets around solar-type stars at radii <40 AU.Comment: Accepted by A&A, 10 pages, high-resolution available at http://www.astro.cf.ac.uk/pub/Dimitrios.Stamatellos/publications

The statistical Analysis of Star Clusters

We review a range of stastistical methods for analyzing the structures of star clusters, and derive a new measure ${\cal Q}$ which both quantifies, and distinguishes between, a (relatively smooth) large-scale radial density gradient and multi-scale (fractal) sub-clustering. Q is derived from the normalised correlation length and the normalised edge length of the minimal spanning tree for each cluster

Separate & Unequal: How Higher Education Reinforces the Intergenerational Reproduction of White Racial Privilege

Clearly class is a powerful cross-cutting factor in explaining postsecondary differences among all students. Yet, controlling for income, race matters: taken together, lower-income AfricanAmerican and Hispanic students just don't do as well as lower-income whites. We find that white students (45%) in the lower half of the family income distribution drop out of college much less frequently than African Americans (55%) and Hispanics (59%). These lower-income whites get Bachelor's degrees at nearly twice the rate of African Americans and Hispanics and obtain many fewer sub-baccalaureate degrees. In particular, African-American students get substantially more certificates.Class and race overlap and are most virulent in combination. Along with many other researchers, we find that the reason for persistent racial inequality begins with the fact that African Americans and Hispanics seem to face barriers not faced by whites. Unequal educational and career outcomes for economically disadvantaged whites can be explained with variables like family income, parental education, and peer expectations. These same variables do not fullyexplain African American and Hispanic educational and economic outcomes. Earlier research shows income effects are more fully explained by observable things, like peer group and tutoring, while differences by race are not so easy to pin down. The preponderance of evidence supports the premise that the disadvantages of race and income must be considered separately in most cases. Yes, differences in readiness and income explain differences in academic and life outcomes; but, independently, so do race and ethnicity

Uncovering the Hidden Conflicts in Securities Class Action Litigation: Lessons from the State Street Case

Courts, Congress, and commentators have long worried that stockholder plaintiffs in securities and M&A litigation and their counsel may pursue suits that benefit themselves rather than absent stockholders or the corporations in which they invest. Following congressional reforms that encouraged the appointment of institutional stockholders as lead plaintiffs in securities actions, significant academic commentary has focused on the problem of “pay to play”—the possibility that class action law firms encourage litigation by making donations to politicians with influence over institutional stockholders, particularly public sector pension funds. A recent federal securities class action in the District of Massachusetts, however, suggests that the networks of influence between class plaintiffs and their counsel are much more complex and difficult to detect. After appointing a special master to look into fee issues, the court discovered that a large class action firm had paid over $4 million in “bare referral” fees to an attorney who did little work on the case but had recommended the larger firm to a public sector pension fund “after considerable favors, political activity, money spent and time dedicated in Arkansas.” This is only one of the less-visible ways that class counsel may route benefits to class plaintiffs. Current class action processes do not routinely identify these potential conflicts of interest. Instead, they tend to surface when nonlitigants bring them to public attention. Because neither the lead plaintiff nor the defendants have a strong incentive to voluntarily address these conflicts, we propose revisions to the class certification process that would require class plaintiffs to disclose more information regarding their relationships with class counsel. We also propose that courts routinely appoint special masters or class guardians as part of the settlement approval process to ensure that class plaintiffs’ statements are subject to discovery and adversarial review

The International Mobility of Technical Talent: Trends and Development Implications

international migration, education, government policy, human capital, skills, information services, computer

Aristelliger barbouri

Number of Pages: 1Integrative BiologyGeological Science

Effects of Ascorbic Acid Deficiencies on Larvae of \u3ci\u3eLymantria Dispar\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

We assessed the effects of ascorbic acid and total vitamin deficiencies on growth, food processing efficiencies and survival of larval gypsy moths. Artificial diet lacking ascorbic acid did not alter performance of fourth instars, whereas diet lacking a total vitamin mix margmally reduced growth. All vita- min deficient diets substantially reduced survival of fourth-fifth instars. Mortality occurred primarily during molting periods. providing further evidence of the putative role of ascorbic acid in cuticle formation